Daunorubicin is an anti-neoplastic antibiotic used in leukemia treatment by intercalating DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II activity.
Structure of Daunorubicin
- It is an anthracycline antibiotic characterized by a tetracyclic ring structure with a daunosamine sugar moiety.
- Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₂₈N₂O₁₃
Mode of Action
- DNA Intercalation: Inserts between DNA base pairs, disrupting DNA replication and transcription.
- Topoisomerase II Inhibition: Prevents the re-ligation of DNA strands, leading to DNA breaks.
- Free Radical Formation: Generates reactive oxygen species, causing cellular damage.
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Uses
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Particularly effective in combination with cytarabine.
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): In pediatric and adult populations.
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): In certain treatment protocols.
- Lymphomas: Including Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
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