Chemical Formula:
- C₁₉H₃₅NO₂·HCl
Mechanism of Action:
- Blocks M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors
- Also has direct antispasmodic action on GI smooth muscle
Therapeutic Uses:
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Functional GI disorders
- Abdominal cramps
Side Effects:
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- CNS stimulation in high doses
SAR (Structure-Activity Relationship):
-
Tertiary amine:
- Unlike quaternary analogs, it can cross the blood-brain barrier → central effects possible.
-
Bulky isopropyl and phenyl groups:
- Provide steric hindrance; increase antagonistic effect on muscarinic receptors.
-
Carboxylic acid ester:
- Required for binding to muscarinic receptors.
-
Lipophilicity:
- Enhances oral absorption and CNS effects.
Synthesis of Dicyclomine (General Outline)
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