Dicyclomine Hydrochloride

Chemical Formula:

  • C₁₉H₃₅NO₂·HCl

 Chemical Structure of Dicyclomine Hydrochloride

Mechanism of Action:

  • Blocks M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors
  • Also has direct antispasmodic action on GI smooth muscle

Therapeutic Uses:

  • Irritable bowel syndrome
  • Functional GI disorders
  • Abdominal cramps
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Side Effects:

  • Drowsiness
  • Dizziness
  • Dry mouth
  • Blurred vision
  • Constipation
  • CNS stimulation in high doses

 SAR (Structure-Activity Relationship):

  1. Tertiary amine:

    • Unlike quaternary analogs, it can cross the blood-brain barrier → central effects possible.
  2. Bulky isopropyl and phenyl groups:

    • Provide steric hindrance; increase antagonistic effect on muscarinic receptors.
  3. Carboxylic acid ester:

    • Required for binding to muscarinic receptors.
  4. Lipophilicity:

    • Enhances oral absorption and CNS effects.

Synthesis of Dicyclomine (General Outline)

Synthesis of Dicyclomine

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