Preparation of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid:
- Prepared by carefully adding concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) to water in a volumetric flask.
- It is crucial to add acid to water slowly to prevent excessive heat release and splashing.
Properties:
- Colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a strong, pungent odor.
- Strong acid, readily dissociating into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) in solution.
- Highly corrosive, can cause severe burns on contact with skin or eyes.
- Reacts with many metals, releasing hydrogen gas and forming metal chlorides.
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Storage:
- Store in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources, flames, and incompatible materials like bases, oxidizers, and organic substances.
- Keep in a tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant container, such as glass or plastic.
Uses of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid:
- Laboratories: Used as a reagent in various chemical reactions, including neutralization, precipitation, and titration.
- Food Industry: Acts as a pH adjuster and acidity regulator.
- Cleaning Industry: Used for descaling, rust removal, and cleaning brick and concrete surfaces.
- Metal Industry: Employed in pickling, etching, and galvanizing metals.
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