Disulfiram (Antabuse) is a drug used in alcohol dependence that causes unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed.
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
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Mechanism of Action:
- Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).
- This causes accumulation of acetaldehyde after alcohol consumption, leading to an aversive reaction:
- Flushing, throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, hypotension, palpitations, anxiety
Disulfiram–Ethanol Reaction:
- Flushing, throbbing headache
- Nausea, vomiting
- Sweating, palpitations, hypotension
- Can be dangerous with high alcohol intake
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Therapeutic Use of Disulfiram:
- Used in the treatment of chronic alcohol dependence.
- Acts as a deterrent by producing unpleasant effects if alcohol is consumed.
Precautions:
- Patients must be well-informed and highly motivated.
- Avoid all sources of alcohol (even mouthwashes, sauces, etc.)
- Should not be used in patients with cardiovascular disease, hepatic dysfunction, or psychiatric illness.
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Contraindications:
- Severe cardiac disease, liver dysfunction, psychosis
- Must avoid hidden alcohol sources (cough syrups, mouthwash, sauces, etc.)
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