Enzyme induction and inhibition alter drug metabolism, affecting drug activity, duration, and interactions.
Enzyme Induction:
- Certain drugs increase the activity of CYP450 enzymes.
- Leads to faster metabolism of the drug and/or other drugs.
- Effect: Reduced plasma levels and therapeutic effect.
Examples of Enzyme Inducers:
- Rifampin
- Phenobarbital
- Carbamazepine
- Phenytoin
Enzyme Inhibition:
- Some drugs inhibit CYP450 enzymes.
- Leads to slower metabolism → increased drug levels → possible toxicity.
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Examples of Enzyme Inhibitors:
- Cimetidine
- Ketoconazole
- Erythromycin
- Grapefruit juice
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