Forced Circulation Evaporator

Principle of Forced Circulation Evaporator:

• Uses mechanical pumps to circulate the liquid through the evaporator, enhancing the heat transfer rate and preventing fouling and scaling.

Construction of Forced Circulation Evaporator:

1. Heat Exchanger: Typically, a shell and tube design where the liquid is heated.
2. Circulation Pump: Forces the liquid through the heat exchanger.
3. Evaporator Body: Where the liquid is flashed into vapor and liquid phases.
4. Separator: Separates the vapor from the concentrated liquid.
5. Condenser: Condenses the vapor back into liquid.

Working:

• The liquid to be evaporated is pumped through the heat exchanger where it is heated.
• The heated liquid enters the evaporator body where it flashes into vapor and liquid.
• The vapor is separated and condensed, while the concentrated liquid is recirculated through the system.
• This cycle continues until the desired concentration is achieved.

Uses:

• Concentrating heat-sensitive and viscous solutions.
• Used in the dairy, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.

Merits:

• High heat transfer coefficients due to forced circulation.
• Reduces fouling and scaling in the heat exchanger.
• Effective for viscous and heat-sensitive liquids.

Demerits:

• High energy consumption due to the use of pumps.
• Complex construction and operation.
• High initial and maintenance costs.

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