General Anesthetics

Definition of General Anesthetics:

• General anesthetics are drugs that induce a reversible loss of consciousness.
• They are used during surgical procedures to render the patient unconscious, unresponsive, and incapable of feeling pain.
• Administration routes:
  • Intravenous (IV)
  • Inhalation

Stages of General Anesthesia

General anesthesia is typically divided into four stages, from the initial administration to the complete recovery of the patient:

1. Stage 1: Analgesia (Induction)

   • This stage begins with the administration of the anesthetic and continues until the patient loses consciousness.
   • During this period, the patient is awake and alert, but their pain threshold increases.

2. Stage 2: Excitement (Delirium)

   • This stage occurs after the patient loses consciousness but before the onset of regular breathing.
   • It is characterized by irregular breathing, elevated heart rate, and involuntary movements.

3. Stage 3: Surgical Anesthesia

   • This is the desired stage for surgical procedures.
   • The patient is unconscious and unresponsive, with no reflexes or awareness. Breathing becomes regular, and involuntary movements cease.

4. Stage 4: Overdose

   • This is a dangerous and potentially fatal stage, marked by severe depression of the brain.
   • It may lead to cessation of respiration and circulatory failure if not promptly addressed.

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