Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid used to treat inflammation, allergic reactions, and adrenal insufficiency.
Structure of Hydrocortisone
- Hydrocortisone, also known as cortisol, is a natural glucocorticoid hormone with a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene structure, including hydroxyl and keto groups.
- Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₈O₅
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Mode of Action
- Glucocorticoid Activity: Activates glucocorticoid receptors, modulating gene transcription related to metabolism, immune response, and stress.
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Inhibits inflammatory pathways by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators.
- Metabolic Regulation: Influences glucose metabolism, increasing gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance.
- Electrolyte Balance: Affects sodium retention and potassium excretion, influencing fluid balance.
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Uses
- Adrenal Insufficiency: Replaces deficient cortisol in conditions like Addison’s disease.
- Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases: Treats rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system.
- Allergic Reactions: Manages severe allergic responses and anaphylaxis.
- Skin Conditions: Applied topically to alleviate dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis.
- Asthma: Controls and prevents asthma exacerbations by reducing airway inflammation.
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