Intracellular Receptors Regulating Transcription Factors are receptors inside cells that bind ligands and directly influence gene expression.
- These receptors are located inside the cell, either in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
- They bind lipid-soluble ligands that cross the plasma membrane.
Structure of Intracellular Receptors Regulating Transcription Factors:
- Ligand-binding domain
- DNA-binding domain (zinc finger motifs)
- Transcriptional regulatory domain
Mechanism:
- Lipid-soluble drug/hormone diffuses across cell membrane
- Binds to intracellular receptor
- Receptor-ligand complex translocates to nucleus
- Binds to specific DNA sequences (Hormone Response Elements, HREs)
- Modulates gene transcription
- Results in new protein synthesis → biological effect
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Response Time:
- Hours to days
Examples:
- Steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, estrogens)
- Thyroid hormone
- Vitamin D
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