Introduction to Secondary Metabolites

• Introduction to Secondary Metabolites R highlights their ecological role and medicinal, industrial applications.
• Introduction to Secondary Metabolites R explains plant-derived compounds like alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids.

Definition:

• Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by plants, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms that are not directly involved in growth, development, or reproduction but play a crucial role in defense, competition, and survival.
• Unlike primary metabolites (such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids), secondary metabolites are often unique to specific plant species and have medicinal, ecological, or commercial importance.

Functions of Secondary Metabolites:

• Act as defense mechanisms against herbivores, pathogens, and environmental stress.
• Help in plant-plant interactions (allelopathy).
• Play a role in attracting pollinators.
• Have pharmacological and industrial applications.

Classification of Secondary Metabolites

• Secondary metabolites can be broadly classified into the following categories:
  1. Alkaloids – Nitrogen-containing compounds with significant pharmacological effects.
  2. Glycosides – Compounds consisting of a sugar moiety and a non-sugar (aglycone).
  3. Flavonoids – Polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties.
  4. Tannins – Polyphenolic substances with astringent properties.
  5. Volatile Oils (Essential Oils) – Aromatic compounds responsible for fragrance.
  6. Resins – Sticky exudates with medicinal properties.

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