Lignans (Phenylpropanoids)

Introduction to Lignans (Phenylpropanoids):

• Lignans (Phenylpropanoid) are dimers linked by β–β’ bonds, found in seeds, fruits, vegetables, and wood.
• Possess antioxidant, anticancer, and phytoestrogenic properties.

Synonyms of Lignans (Phenylpropanoids):

• Common name: Plant lignans
• Examples: Sesamin, Podophyllotoxin, Pinoresinol, Secoisolariciresinol

Biological Source:

• Found in Sesamum indicum (sesame seeds), Linum usitatissimum (flaxseeds), Podophyllum hexandrum (mayapple).

Family:

• Varies: Pedaliaceae, Linaceae, Berberidaceae.

Composition:

• Composed of two phenylpropanoid (C6-C3) units.
• Key lignans: Sesamin, Secoisolariciresinol, Podophyllotoxin, Enterolactone.

Chemistry:

• Class: Phenylpropanoids
• Structure: Dimers of cinnamyl alcohol derivatives (linked by β–β’, β–O–4, or β–5 bonds).
• Solubility: Lipophilic.

Therapeutic Uses:

• Antioxidant: Sesamin, Secoisolariciresinol combat free radicals.
• Anticancer: Podophyllotoxin aids in synthesizing drugs (etoposide, teniposide).
• Phytoestrogenic: Secoisolariciresinol, enterolactone help in hormone-related disorders.
• Hepatoprotective: Protects liver from oxidative damage.

Commercial Applications of Lignans (Phenylpropanoids)

• Anticancer drugs derived from podophyllotoxin.
• Nutritional supplements like flaxseed and sesame oil.
• Skin treatments: Podophyllotoxin for genital warts.

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