- Morphine Sulphate acts on μ-opioid receptors, altering pain perception and producing sedation.
- It is a potent opioid analgesic for severe acute and chronic pain relief.
Chemical Formula:
- (C₁₇H₁₉NO₃)₂·H₂SO₄
Mechanism of Action:
- Full agonist at μ-opioid receptors
- Causes inhibition of adenylate cyclase, ↓ cAMP, ↑ K⁺ efflux, ↓ Ca²⁺ influx → neuronal hyperpolarization → inhibition of pain transmission
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Therapeutic Uses:
- Severe acute and chronic pain
- Myocardial infarction pain
- Pulmonary edema (reduces preload)
- Palliative care
Side Effects of Morphine Sulphate:
- Respiratory depression
- Constipation
- Miosis
- Euphoria / dependence
- Nausea, vomiting
- Histamine release → hypotension, itching
Notes:
- Poor oral bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism
- Glucuronidated in liver (M6G is active)
