Mutation Breeding in Medicinal Plants

• Mutation Breeding in Medicinal Plants induces genetic changes to enhance yield, quality, and resistance traits.
• Mutation Breeding in Medicinal Plants develops improved varieties with higher medicinal value and adaptability.

What is Mutation?

• A mutation is a sudden, heritable genetic change, occurring naturally or induced through chemical or physical agents.

Types of Mutations

1. Spontaneous Mutations:

   • Occur naturally due to DNA replication errors or environmental factors.
   • Example: Digitalis purpurea – Natural variants with higher cardiac glycosides.

2. Induced Mutations:

   • Caused by mutagens like chemicals or radiation.

Methods of Inducing Mutations

• Chemical Mutagens: Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS), Sodium Azide (NaN₃), Colchicine.
• Physical Mutagens: Gamma rays, X-rays, UV radiation.

Applications in Medicinal Plants

1. Enhanced Alkaloid Production

   • Catharanthus roseus – Mutant strains produce higher vinblastine and vincristine.

2. Improved Disease Resistance

   • Withania somnifera – Mutation-induced variants with better fungal resistance.

3. Increased Yield

   • Curcuma longa – High-yielding turmeric varieties.

Advantages

• Faster method for developing new medicinal plant varieties.
• Introduces beneficial traits without crossbreeding.

Disadvantages

• Some mutations may be harmful.
• Requires careful screening to select desirable traits.

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