Neurohumoral transmission in the CNS involves chemical messengers like neurotransmitters regulating brain signaling.
Neurohumoral Transmission in the CNS
Neurohumoral transmission refers to the chemical communication between neurons via neurotransmitters across synapses.
Steps in CNS Neurotransmission:
- Synthesis of neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron.
- Storage in synaptic vesicles.
- Release into synaptic cleft via exocytosis (triggered by Ca²⁺ influx).
- Binding to specific postsynaptic receptors.
- Termination by:
- Reuptake into presynaptic terminal (e.g., serotonin, dopamine).
- Enzymatic degradation (e.g., ACh by acetylcholinesterase).
- Diffusion away from synapse.
Types of Neurotransmitters
- Neurotransmitters can be broadly categorized into:
- Excitatory (e.g., Glutamate)
- Inhibitory (e.g., GABA, Glycine)
- Modulatory (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine)
- Each neurotransmitter has specific receptors and associated second messenger pathways which determine the cellular response.
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