Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)

• Noradrenaline, also known as norepinephrine, is a neurotransmitter and hormone involved in the body’s “fight or flight” response.
• It is produced primarily in the adrenal medulla and nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system.

Synthesis:

• Conversion from Dopamine of Noradrenaline:

  • Enzyme: Dopamine β-hydroxylase.
  • Process: Dopamine is hydroxylated to (norepinephrine).
  • Cofactor Required: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
  • Mechanism: The enzyme adds a hydroxyl group to the β-carbon

Significance of Noradrenaline:

1. Attention and Alertness: It enhances focus and response to stimuli.
2. Fight-or-Flight Response: It activates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels in response to stress.

Clinical Relevance:

• Stress Response: It plays a critical role in how the body reacts to stress and emergencies.

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