- Nutritional Requirements for Plant Tissue Culture ensure growth with essential minerals, vitamins & carbon source.
- Nutritional Requirements for Plant Tissue Culture need auxins & cytokinins for cell division, differentiation & morphogenesis.
- Plant tissue culture media must contain essential nutrients for cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis.
Macronutrients (Major Nutrients, Required in Large Quantities)
- Nitrogen (N) – Supplied as NH₄⁺ (ammonium) or NO₃⁻ (nitrate), essential for protein synthesis.
- Phosphorus (P) – Used in ATP, DNA, and RNA synthesis.
- Potassium (K) – Regulates osmotic balance and enzyme activation.
- Calcium (Ca) – Important for cell wall and membrane stability.
- Magnesium (Mg) – Essential for chlorophyll formation and enzyme activation.
- Sulfur (S) – Used in amino acids and coenzymes.
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Micronutrients (Trace Elements, Required in Small Quantities)
- Iron (Fe) – Required for electron transport and chlorophyll biosynthesis.
- Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Boron (B), Molybdenum (Mo), and Cobalt (Co) – Act as enzyme cofactors.
Carbon and Energy Source
- Sucrose (2-4
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Vitamins
- Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Nicotinic Acid (B3), Pyridoxine (B6), etc. – Act as coenzymes in metabolic pathways.
Growth Regulators
- Auxins (e.g., IAA, NAA, 2,4-D) – Promote root initiation and callus formation.
- Cytokinins (e.g., BAP, Kinetin, Zeatin) – Stimulate shoot formation.
- Gibberellins (e.g., GA₃) – Promote stem elongation.
- Abscisic Acid (ABA) – Induces dormancy and stress tolerance.
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Solidifying Agent
- Agar or Gelrite is used in solid media to provide support to growing tissues.
Common Culture Media:
- Murashige and Skoog (MS) Medium – Most widely used.
- Gamborg’s B5 Medium – Used for protoplast culture.
- White’s Medium – Used for root culture.
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