Orifice Meter

Principle of Orifice Meter:

• Based on Bernoulli’s theorem and the continuity equation.
•  When fluid passes through an orifice plate, the velocity increases, and pressure decreases.
• The pressure drop is related to the flow rate.

Formula:

$Q = C_d A_o \sqrt{\frac{2 \Delta P}{\rho}}$

• Where:
  • Q = flow rate
  • Cd​ = discharge coefficient
  • Ao​ = area of the orifice
  • ΔP = pressure difference across the orifice
  • ρ = fluid density

Construction of Orifice Meter:

1. Orifice Plate: A thin plate with a precisely machined hole.
2. Pressure Taps: Installed before and after the orifice plate to measure the pressure difference.

Working of Orifice Meter:

• Fluid flows through the orifice plate, causing a drop in pressure.
• The pressure difference is measured and used to calculate the flow rate.

Uses:

• Widely used in water, gas, and steam flow measurement in pipelines.
• Common in industries like oil and gas, chemical processing, and water treatment.

Advantages:

• Simple and inexpensive design.
• Easy to install and maintain.
• Suitable for a wide range of fluids.

Disadvantages:

• Causes significant permanent pressure loss.
• Accuracy affected by wear and tear of the orifice plate.
• Limited to certain flow conditions and ranges.

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