Oxymetazoline

• Oxymetazoline is a topical decongestant commonly used to relieve nasal congestion caused by colds, allergies, or sinusitis.
• It is a sympathomimetic agent, meaning it mimics the action of the sympathetic nervous system by stimulating α-adrenergic receptors, primarily α₁ and partially α₂ receptors.

Chemical Formula:

• C₁₆H₂4N₂O

Basic Structural Features:

• An imidazoline derivative with a phenolic substituent.
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Mechanism of Action:

• Direct α1 and partial α2 agonist → vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa and ocular vessels.

Side Effects:

• Rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa), dryness of nasal mucosa, possible systemic absorption leading to hypotension (central α2 effect) in excessive doses.

Uses:

• Topical decongestant (nasal sprays, eye drops).

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