Pharmacokinetics: Definition and Introduction

Pharmacokinetics definition and introduction explain absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes governing drug fate in the body.

Pharmacokinetics: Definition and Introduction

• Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the branch of pharmacology that deals with the quantitative study of how a drug moves into, though, and out of the body over time.
• It answers the question: “What does the body do to the drug?”
• Pharmacokinetics focuses on four primary processes, collectively referred to as ADME:
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion

Importance of Pharmacokinetics

• Helps determine proper dosage regimens, frequency of administration, and the optimal route of drug delivery.
• Aids in predicting drug-drug interactions, avoiding toxicity, and optimizing therapeutic efficacy.

Key Aspects of Pharmacokinetics (ADME)

1. Absorption

   • The process of a drug entering the bloodstream from its site of administration.

2. Distribution

   • The dispersion of the drug throughout the fluids and tissues of the body.

3. Metabolism (Biotransformation)

   • The biochemical modification of the drug, mainly occurring in the liver.

4. Excretion

   • The removal of the drug and its metabolites, primarily via the kidneys (urine) or bile (feces).

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