- Phenobarbital is widely used as an anticonvulsant for epilepsy and as a sedative-hypnotic.
- Phenobarbital enhances GABA activity, prolonging chloride influx to produce CNS depression.
Chemical Formula:
- C₁₂H₁₂N₂O₃
Mechanism of Phenobarbital:
- GABA-A receptor agonist; increases duration of Cl⁻ channel opening. Also reduces glutamate-mediated excitation.
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Therapeutic Uses of Phenobarbital:
- Generalized and partial seizures
- Sedation
- Febrile seizures in children
Side Effects:
- Sedation
- Cognitive impairment
- Enzyme induction (CYP450)
- Physical dependence
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