Phenobarbitone (Phenobarbital)

• Phenobarbitone (Phenobarbital) controls epilepsy, seizures, and provides sedative-hypnotic action.
• It enhances GABA activity, prolonging chloride influx for CNS depression.

Chemical Formula:

• C₁₂H₁₂N₂O₃

Mechanism of Action:

• Enhances GABA-A activity, prolongs Cl⁻ channel opening.
• Also reduces glutamate-mediated excitation.

Therapeutic Uses of Phenobarbitone (Phenobarbital):

• Tonic-clonic seizures
• Partial seizures
• Status epilepticus (alternative)
• Febrile seizures (children)

Side Effects of Phenobarbitone (Phenobarbital):

• Sedation, cognitive dulling
• Behavioral changes in children
• Enzyme induction (CYP450)
• Tolerance, dependence

Notes:

• Long half-life (~2–6 days)
• Avoid in absence seizures (can worsen them)

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