Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids

Introduction to Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids

Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids are plant-derived secondary metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

General Characteristics:

• Secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine, featuring a three-carbon side chain attached to an aromatic ring.

Phenylpropanoids:

• Structure & Diversity: Range from simple cinnamic acid to complex polymers.

• Functions in Plants:

  • Precursors to lignin for cell wall reinforcement.
  • Attract pollinators and provide UV protection.
  • Defense against pathogens.

Flavonoids:

• Structure & Classification: Two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon bridge; classified into flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, etc.

• Biological Roles:

  • Antioxidant Activity: Neutralize free radicals.
  • Pigmentation: Provide color to flowers and fruits for pollinator attraction.
  • UV Protection: Absorb harmful UV rays.

Pharmacological Significance of Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids:

• Health Benefits: Anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects.
• Dietary Importance: Abundant in fruits, vegetables, and teas, essential for a healthy diet.

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