Phenytoin Sodium is a class Ib anti-arrhythmic used mainly for digitalis-induced arrhythmias by modulating sodium channels.
Structure of Phenytoin Sodium
- It is a hydantoin derivative with a diphenylmethyl group attached to the hydantoin ring. It exists primarily in the sodium salt form to enhance solubility.
- Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₂N₂O₂Na
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Mode of Action
- Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockade: Inhibits sodium influx during action potentials, stabilizing neuronal membranes.
- Action Potential Prolongation: Extends the refractory period, preventing repetitive neuronal firing.
- Anticonvulsant Effects: Suppresses seizure activity by reducing neuronal excitability.
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Uses
- Epilepsy: Effective in controlling generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures.
- Status Epilepticus: Used in acute management of prolonged seizures.
- Neuroprotection: Investigated for use in preventing neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury and stroke.
- Cardiac Arrhythmias: Occasionally used for ventricular arrhythmias due to sodium channel blockade.
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