Progesterones are female sex hormones essential for menstrual cycle regulation and pregnancy maintenance.
Structure of Progesterones
- Progesterones are a group of steroid hormones with a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene structure, featuring ketone and hydroxyl functional groups at specific positions.
- Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₃₀O₂
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Mode of Action
- Progesterone Receptor Activation: Binds to progesterone receptors in target tissues, regulating gene expression.
- Reproductive Role: Prepares the endometrium for implantation, maintains pregnancy, and regulates the menstrual cycle.
- Neuroprotective Effects: Exhibits protective roles in the central nervous system.
- Anti-inflammatory Actions: Modulates immune responses and reduces inflammation.
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Uses
- Contraception: Combined with estrogens in oral contraceptives to prevent ovulation and implantation.
- Menstrual Disorders: Manages irregular menstrual cycles, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and endometriosis.
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Used in postmenopausal women to prevent endometrial hyperplasia when combined with estrogens.
- Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): Supports implantation and maintenance of early pregnancy.
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