Pseudoephedrine

• Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug commonly used as a nasal decongestant.
• It works by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages, which reduces swelling and congestion.
• Chemically related to ephedrine, pseudoephedrine is often found in over-the-counter cold and allergy medications.

Chemical Structure & Formula

• Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₅NO
• Structure:
• 

Mechanism of Action (Detailed)

• Indirectly increases norepinephrine release → Activates α1 & β1 receptors.
• Mild direct α1 agonist activity → Causes vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa.
• Less CNS stimulation than amphetamine due to lower lipophilicity.

Physiological Effects

1. Cardiovascular:

   • Mild increase in blood pressure (α1 effect).
   • Minimal effects on heart rate (due to weaker β1 activity).

2. Respiratory:

   • Nasal decongestant effect (α1-mediated vasoconstriction reduces nasal swelling).

3. CNS:

   • Mild alertness (compared to amphetamine).

Side Effects of Pseudoephedrine

• Hypertension & Tachycardia
• Insomnia, Anxiety (mild CNS stimulation)
• Urinary retention (especially in males with BPH)

Clinical Uses of Pseudoephedrine

• Nasal decongestant (used in colds, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis).
• Mild stimulant (off-label use).

Thank you for reading from Firsthope's notes, don't forget to check YouTube videos!