Resins

Definition of Resins

• Resins are viscous, solid or semi-solid mixtures of organic compounds, mainly terpenoids and derivatives, exuded by plants (especially conifers) and some insects for protection and structural purposes.

Composition

• Diterpenes/Triterpenes: Backbone structures.
• Phenolic Compounds: Provide rigidity and reactivity.
• Other Compounds: Essential oils, alcohols, acids.

Sources of Resins

• Plant Resin: E.g., pine resin, frankincense.
• Insect Resin: E.g., lac insect exudates.

Extraction and Processing

• Harvested by tapping plants (e.g., incising tree bark).
• Processed to remove impurities, producing products like turpentine and rosin.

Uses

1. Industrial Applications:

   • Varnishes and lacquers
   • Adhesives (rosin)
   • Incense and fragrances (frankincense, myrrh)

2. Pharmaceuticals and Medicine:

   • Traditional antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory remedies
   • Modern drug formulations

3. Art and Craft:

   • Artists’ varnishes for paintings
   • Rosin for string instrument bows

Biological Roles

• Defense Mechanism: Deters herbivores; inhibits fungi and bacteria.
• Wound Healing: Seals damaged areas to prevent infection.

Examples of Resins

• Podophyllotoxin: Lignan resin from the mayapple plant, used as a precursor for anti-cancer drugs.
• Curcumin: Polyphenolic compound from turmeric, used for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

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