Senna (Anthraquinone Glycosides)

General Introduction

• Senna contains anthraquinone glycosides, which are widely used as stimulant laxatives.

• The plant is recognized for its purgative effect on the gastrointestinal system.

Senna (Anthraquinone Glycosides)

Synonyms of Senna

• Common name: Senna

• Scientific name: Cassia angustifolia, Cassia acutifolia

• Synonyms: Indian Senna, Tinnevelly Senna, Alexandrian Senna

Biological Source

• Derived from the dried leaflets and pods of Cassia angustifolia and Cassia acutifolia.

Family

• Fabaceae

Composition

• Major glycosides:

  • Sennosides A and B: Main active anthraquinone glycosides.

  • Other anthraquinones: Rhein, Aloe-emodin, Chrysophanol.

Chemistry & Chemical Classes

• Chemical Class: Anthraquinone glycosides.

• Structure:

  • Sennosides are dimeric glycosides formed from two anthraquinone units.

  • They are hydrolyzed in the colon to release active anthraquinones.

Therapeutic Uses

• Laxative: Used to treat constipation by stimulating peristalsis in the colon.

• Purgative: At higher doses, it induces bowel evacuation.

Commercial Applications

• Used in over-the-counter laxative preparations such as syrups, tablets, and granules.