Senna (Anthraquinone Glycosides)

General Introduction to Senna (Anthraquinone Glycosides):

  • Senna contains anthraquinone glycosides, which are widely used as stimulant laxatives.
  • The plant is recognized for its purgative effect on the gastrointestinal system.

Senna (Anthraquinone Glycosides)

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Synonyms of Senna (Anthraquinone Glycoside):

  • Common name: Senna
  • Scientific name: Cassia angustifolia, Cassia acutifolia
  • Synonyms: Indian Senna, Tinnevelly Senna, Alexandrian Senna

Biological Source:

  • Derived from the dried leaflets and pods of Cassia angustifolia and Cassia acutifolia.
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Family:

  • Fabaceae

Composition:

  • Major glycosides:
    • Sennosides A and B: Main active anthraquinone glycosides.
    • Other anthraquinones: Rhein, Aloe-emodin, Chrysophanol.
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Chemistry & Chemical Classes:

  • Chemical Class: Anthraquinone glycosides.
  • Structure:
    • Sennosides are dimeric glycosides formed from two anthraquinone units.
    • They are hydrolyzed in the colon to release active anthraquinones.

Therapeutic Uses:

  • Laxative: Used to treat constipation by stimulating peristalsis in the colon.
  • Purgative: At higher doses, it induces bowel evacuation.

Commercial Applications of Senna (Anthraquinone Glycoside):

  • Used in over-the-counter laxative preparations such as syrups, tablets, and granules.
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