Shampoos

Definition of Shampoos:

• Shampoos are cleansing formulations designed for the hair and scalp.
• The key goals are:
• Cleansing: Removal of sebum, dirt, and styling products.
• Foam and lather: Consumer perception of cleansing efficacy.
• Hair conditioning: Minimizing tangling and damage.
• Scalp care: Maintaining scalp health, minimizing irritation.

Key Ingredients

1. Surfactants: Provide cleansing and foaming (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine).
2. Conditioners: Improve hair texture (e.g., silicones, panthenol).
3. Thickeners: Adjust viscosity (e.g., xanthan gum, carbomers).
4. Preservatives: Prevent microbial growth (e.g., parabens, phenoxyethanol).
5. Fragrance and Colors: For sensory appeal.

Formulation and Preparation:

1. Pre-dispersion of Surfactants:

   • Dissolve surfactants in water. If using a blend, add one component at a time ensuring complete dissolution.

2. Incorporation of Thickeners/Polymers:

   • Hydrate the chosen polymer in water (or in a portion of the formulation) to form a uniform gel.

3. Mixing Actives and Additives:

   • Slowly add conditioning agents, pH adjusters, and other active ingredients while stirring.

4. Adjustment of pH:

   • Monitor pH using a meter and adjust to the target level.

5. Cooling and Addition of Fragrances/Preservatives:

   • To preserve the integrity of sensitive components, add them at lower temperatures.

6. Homogenization:

   1. Continuous stirring ensures uniformity. High-shear mixing may be used for stable emulsions.

7. Packaging:

   • Filled into bottles ensuring minimal exposure to air and contamination.

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