Solubility of liquids in liquids refers to the ability of one liquid to dissolve in another. It depends on polarity—polar liquids mix with polar, and nonpolar with nonpolar.
Binary Solutions:
- Binary Solutions: Solutions composed of two components (e.g., ethanol and water).
- Miscibility: The ability of two liquids to mix in any proportion.
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Types of Miscibility:
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Completely Miscible:
- Liquids mix in all proportions (e.g., ethanol and water).
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Partially Miscible:
- Liquids mix in limited proportions, forming two layers at certain compositions (e.g., phenol and water).
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Immiscible:
- Liquids do not mix (e.g., oil and water).
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Ideal Solutions:
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Definition:
- Solutions that follow Raoult’s Law across all concentrations.
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Characteristics:
- No enthalpy changes upon mixing (ΔHmix = 0).
- Volumes of the components are additive.
- Intermolecular forces between unlike molecules are similar to those between like molecules.
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