Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in hypertension, heart failure, and edema by blocking aldosterone effects.
Structure of Spironolactone
- Spironolactone is a steroidal potassium-sparing diuretic with a fused cyclohexene and lactone ring structure, containing a sulfonamide group.
- Chemical Formula: C₂₈H₃₉ClN₂O₄S
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Mode of Action
- Aldosterone Antagonism: Blocks aldosterone receptors in the distal nephron, inhibiting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
- Sodium Excretion: Promotes excretion of sodium and water without significant loss of potassium.
- Anti-androgen Effects: Exhibits anti-androgenic properties, useful in treating hormonal disorders.
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Uses
- Heart Failure: Reduces fluid retention and prevents potassium loss.
- Hypertension: Lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium excretion.
- Edema: Manages edema associated with liver cirrhosis and renal disease.
- Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Treats conditions with excess aldosterone production.
- Acne and Hirsutism: Utilized for its anti-androgenic effects in dermatological conditions.
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