Introduction to Tannins:
Tannins are water-soluble polyphenolic compounds found in many plants that bind and precipitate proteins, offering astringent properties.
Structure & Classification:
- Polyphenolic Nature: High-molecular-weight polyphenolic compounds.
- Types:
- Hydrolyzable Tannin: Gallic or ellagic acid esterified with sugars.
- Condensed Tannin: Polymers of flavonoid units, resistant to hydrolysis.
Functions Tannin in Plants:
- Defense: Deter herbivores and protect against microbial infections by binding proteins and inhibiting digestive enzymes.
- Astringency: Contribute to the astringent taste in fruits and beverages by precipitating proteins.
Pharmacological & Industrial Uses of Tannins:
- Medicinal Properties: Exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects.
- Industrial Applications: Used in leather tanning, wine clarification, and as natural dyes.
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