Definition of Tolerance:
- It is a condition where increasing doses of a drug are required to produce the same effect previously achieved with a lower dose.
Types:
-
Pharmacokinetic:
- Due to increased drug metabolism (e.g., enzyme induction).
- Example: Barbiturates increase liver enzymes that metabolize drugs.
-
Pharmacodynamic:
- Due to cellular changes at the receptor level (e.g., receptor downregulation or desensitization).
-
Cross:
- Tolerance to one drug leads to tolerance to another similar drug.
- Example: Tolerance to alcohol can lead to tolerance to benzodiazepines.
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