Types of Bioassay

• Types of Bioassay: Include quantal, graded, and endpoint assays to measure drug effects.
• Types of Bioassay: Used to determine potency, efficacy, and standardization of drugs.
• Bioassays can be broadly classified based on the nature of the biological system used and the type of response measured.

Types of Bioassay

1. Graded Response Bioassay

   • Measures the intensity of a response (e.g., smooth muscle contraction, blood pressure change) with increasing doses.
   • A classic example is the analytical method on isolated organ bath (e.g., guinea pig ileum for histamine).

2. Quantal (All-or-None) Response Bioassay:

   • A yes-or-no response (e.g., lethal or non-lethal in animal studies).
   • Typically used in toxicity studies (LD50).

3. Matching Method or Direct Bioassay

   • Compare the response produced by a single known dose of standard with that of the test sample until you find a dose of the test that matches the standard’s response.

4. Interpolation Methods

   • Construct a dose-response curve for the standard and read off the test sample’s potency from the same curve.

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