Creatine phosphate (also known as phosphocreatine) is a high-energy molecule stored in muscles that helps rapidly regenerate ATP, the primary energy currency of cells, during short bursts of intense physical activity, such as weightlifting or sprinting. Formation of Creatine Phosphate: 1. Synthesis: Creatine is synthesized in the liver and kidneys from the amino acids glycine, … Read more
(ATP)Adenosine triphosphate is a complex organic chemical that plays a crucial role in the energy transfer within cells, making it essential for a wide range of biological processes. Adenosine triphosphate is often referred to as the “molecular unit of currency” of intracellular energy transfer. This means that Adenosine triphosphate is the primary energy carrier in all … Read more
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) encompass a wide range of conditions that affect different parts of the digestive system, from the esophagus to the rectum. Here is an overview of some common GIT disorders: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Description: A chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. Symptoms: … Read more
Digestion and absorption of nutrients is a vital process where food is broken down and nutrients are absorbed to provide energy and support body functions. Digestion of nutrients Digestion is a process of breaking down food into smaller, absorbable components through mechanical and chemical actions. 1. Mechanical Digestion Mouth: Food is physically broken down by … Read more
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) performs a series of coordinated movements to propel food through the digestive system and mix it with digestive enzymes. These movements are essential for the effective breakdown, absorption, and elimination of food. The main types of GIT movements are: Peristalsis: Rhythmic, wave-like contractions that propel food through the GIT from the … Read more
The liver is a vital organ in the human body, located in the upper right portion of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm. It performs a wide range of essential functions that support overall health and metabolism. Liver Anatomy The liver is a large, reddish-brown organ located in the upper right side of the abdomen, just … Read more
The Anatomy of pancreas is a glandular organ behind the stomach that aids digestion and regulates blood sugar by producing insulin and other hormones. Anatomy of Pancreas: The pancreas is a glandular organ located behind the stomach and near the duodenum. It is elongated and has a head, body, and tail. It is composed of … Read more
Structure of DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane): Chemical Formula: C14H9Cl5 Description: DDT is an organochlorine compound. Its structure includes two benzene rings connected by a trichloroethane group, with a total of five chlorine atoms—four on the benzene rings and one on the trichloroethane group. Uses: Widely used as an insecticide in agriculture to protect crops against pests. Played … Read more
The small intestine is a long, coiled tube in the digestive system that connects the stomach to the large intestine. It is responsible for most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food. Anatomy The small intestine is a long, coiled tube, approximately 20 feet in length, divided into three main sections: the duodenum, … Read more
Reactions of Benzene: Benzene (C₆H₆) is a highly stable aromatic hydrocarbon due to its conjugated π-electron system. This stability makes benzene a prime candidate for electrophilic substitution reactions, where an electrophile replaces one of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring. Here are the key electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene: nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, … Read more
