Iodine (I₂)

Preparation of Iodine:

• It is usually extracted from natural sources such as seaweed or brine, which contain iodide ions.
• The iodide is oxidized to iodine using an oxidizing agent such as chlorine:

2I⁻ + Cl₂ ​→ I₂ ​+ 2Cl⁻

Properties of Iodine:

• Dark purple-black solid with a metallic cluster.
• Slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents.
• Sublimates to form a violet gas.
• Strong antimicrobial and antiseptic properties.

Uses:

• As a topical antiseptic for skin disinfection before surgery.
• In tincture form (it is dissolved in alcohol) for wound cleaning.
• As a disinfectant in water purification.
• Used in the treatment of thyroid disorders as part of radioactive iodine therapy.

Storage:

• Store in a tightly sealed container to avoid sublimation and loss.
• Keep in a cool, dry, and dark place to prevent decomposition.
• Avoid storing near organic materials or reducing agents.

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