The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for processing sensory information, controlling movement, regulating vital functions, and enabling cognitive functions like thinking and memory. It consists of billions of neurons connected by trillions of synapses and is protected by the skull, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain barrier. Main Regions of … Read more
The meninges are three protective layers of connective tissue that surround and protect the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. These layers serve several important functions, such as providing physical protection, supporting the CNS, and containing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that cushions the brain and spinal cord. There are three … Read more
The ventricles of the brain are interconnected, fluid-filled cavities within the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). There are four ventricles in total: 1. Two lateral ventricles (one in each hemisphere): These C-shaped ventricles are the largest and are located in the cerebral hemispheres. Each lateral ventricle has a central body and three … Read more
An action potential, also known as a nerve impulse, is a rapid and temporary change in the electrical potential across the cell membrane of a neuron. It serves as the primary means of transmitting information within the nervous system. Action potentials are all-or-nothing events, meaning they either occur with full amplitude or not at all, … Read more
Neuroglia, or glial cells, are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that support, protect, and maintain the proper functioning of neurons. They play vital roles in providing structural support, modulating synaptic transmission, and maintaining the extracellular environment. There are several types of glial cells, each with specific functions The classification of neuroglia cells can be … Read more
A synapse is a specialized junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a target cell, such as a muscle or gland cell. It serves as the site where electrical signals are transmitted from one cell to another, allowing communication within the nervous system. Synapses play a crucial role in the processing, integration, and … Read more
The Central Nervous System (CNS) is one of the two main components of the nervous system, the other being the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are protected by various layers of connective tissue and bone (the skull and vertebral column). The main functions of … Read more
The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a complex network consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its primary function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, maintain body temperature, and help fight infections. The cardiovascular system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and overall … Read more
The tongue is a muscular organ primarily responsible for the sense of taste (gustation), as well as being crucial for speech, chewing, and swallowing. It is composed of several structures that work together to detect and process tastes and perform its other functions. Structure of the Tongue It is a muscular organ in the mouth … Read more
The nose is a sensory organ primarily responsible for the sense of smell (olfaction) and plays a significant role in respiration. It is composed of several structures that work together to detect and process odours and filter, warm, and humidify the air we breathe. Structure of the Nose The nose is a critical organ for … Read more
