B Pharmacy is a 4-year undergraduate program in India that provides comprehensive knowledge of drugs, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sciences. It prepares students for careers in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, and healthcare services.
This course builds a strong foundation for B Pharmacy Students all over the world.
Definition of Solubilization Solubilization is the process of dissolving a solute into a solvent with the aid of surfactants, forming a thermodynamically stable isotropic solution. Mechanism Micellar Solubilization: Incorporation of hydrophobic solute molecules into the hydrophobic core of micelles. Phase Behavior: Surfactants above the CMC facilitate solubilization. Factors Affecting Solubilization Surfactant Structure: Tail length and … Read more
Definition of Surfactants Surfactants are compounds that reduce surface and interfacial tensions by concentrating at the interface due to their amphiphilic nature. Classification of Surfactant Anionic Surfactants Charge: Negative in water. Functional Groups: Sulfate, sulfonate, or carboxylate. Example: Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) – used in shampoos, toothpaste, detergents. Characteristics: High detergency and foaming; can be … Read more
Biomolecules are organic molecules produced by living organisms, essential for the structure, function, and regulation of cells, tissues, and organs. They sustain biological processes and can be classified into four major categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates in Biomolecules Structure: Composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) in a 1:2:1 Includes … Read more
Amphetamine Definition Amphetamine is a powerful central nervous system stimulant that affects chemicals in the brain and nerves contributing to hyperactivity and impulse control. It is commonly used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, under brand names like Adderall and Dexedrine. Structure: Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₃N Molecular Structure: Contains a benzene ring … Read more
Ethylenediamine Definition Ethylenediamine is a bifunctional amine consisting of two amino groups (-NH₂) attached to a two-carbon ethylene chain. It serves as a chelating agent, corrosion inhibitor, and precursor to many industrial chemicals, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Structure: Chemical Formula: C₂H₈N₂ Molecular Structure: Consists of a two-carbon chain with an amino group (-NH₂) attached … Read more
Ethanolamine Definition Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid used as a building block in the production of detergents, emulsifiers, pharmaceuticals, and chemical intermediates. It acts as a weak base and is commonly found in cosmetic formulations, gas treatment, and corrosion inhibitors. Structure: Chemical Formula: C₂H₇NO Molecular Structure: Consists of a two-carbon chain with a hydroxyl … Read more
Qualitative test of Aliphatic amines can be distinguished as primary, secondary, or tertiary through various qualitative tests based on their solubility and reactivity. Below are the key tests used to identify the Qualitative test of Aliphatic amines and differentiate between these types of amines: Solubility Test Primary and Secondary Amines: Generally soluble in water and … Read more
Basicity of aliphatic amines Definition Basicity of aliphatic amines refers to their ability to accept protons due to the lone pair on nitrogen; it depends on alkyl groups and solvation effects. Basicity is a measure of a compound’s ability to accept protons (H⁺). In aliphatic amines, arises from the lone pair of electrons on the … Read more
Aliphatic amines chemical reactions exhibit versatile chemical reactivity due to the nucleophilic nature of the nitrogen atom, which contains a lone pair of electrons. Here are some key reactions involving aliphatic amines: Alkylation as aliphatic amines chemical reactions Process: Aliphatic amines react with alkyl halides to form secondary, tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium salts. Reaction: … Read more
Aliphatic amines methods of preparation” refer to chemical processes like reduction of nitro compounds, alkylation of ammonia, and Gabriel synthesis to produce aliphatic amines. Aliphatic amines are organic compounds where an alkyl or cycloalkyl group is attached to one or more amino groups (-NH₂). Aliphatic amines methods of preparation can be primary (one carbon group), … Read more
