B Pharmacy is a 4-year undergraduate program in India that provides comprehensive knowledge of drugs, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sciences. It prepares students for careers in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, and healthcare services.
This course builds a strong foundation for B Pharmacy Students all over the world.
Oxalic Acid Definition Oxalic Acid is a colorless, crystalline organic compound with the formula C₂H₂O₄ (or commonly written as (COOH)₂). It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid and occurs naturally in many plants, including rhubarb, spinach, and beet greens. Structure: Chemical Formula: C₂H₂O₄ Molecular Structure: Contains two carboxyl groups (-COOH) directly attached to each other. Geometry: … Read more
Succinic Acid Definition Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C₄H₆O₄. It consists of four carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and four oxygen atoms, and structurally, it contains two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. It occurs naturally in plants, animals, and microorganisms, and plays a role in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle as an … Read more
Liquid Crystals are substances that exhibit properties between those of conventional liquids and solid crystals. They flow like a liquid but have some degree of ordered structure. They are most well-known for their use in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Types of Liquid Crystals: Thermotropic: Change their phase in response to temperature. Nematic Phase: Molecules are … Read more
Definition of Liquid Complex: They are homogeneous mixtures consisting of two or more components that interact at the molecular or ionic level, often resulting in unique physical and chemical properties distinct from the individual components. Types of Liquid Complex: Solutions: Homogeneous mixtures where solutes (e.g., salt) are completely dissolved in solvents (e.g., water). Colloids: Mixtures … Read more
Definition of Relative Humidity: It is the ratio of the current amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at that temperature, expressed as a percentage. Formula of Relative Humidity: RH = (Actual Vapor Pressure / Saturation Vapor Pressure) × 100 Importance: Weather Forecasting: RH … Read more
Gases Gases are one of the primary states of matter characterized by: No Fixed Shape or Volume: Gases expand to fill the shape and volume of their container. Particle Movement: Gas particles move rapidly and freely, with high kinetic energy and low intermolecular forces. Compressibility: Gases can be compressed significantly because of the large spaces … Read more
Definition of Eutectic Mixtures: A eutectic mixture is a specific combination of substances that melts or solidifies at a single, lower temperature than any other composition made from the same components. This specific composition is called the eutectic composition. Key Points of Eutectic Mixtures: Eutectic Point: The unique ratio at which the mixture exhibits the … Read more
Definition of Sublimation Critical Point: The specific temperature and pressure where a substance can exist simultaneously in solid, liquid, and gas phases. Importance of Sublimation: Helps understand sublimation, where a substance transitions directly from solid to gas below the triple point. Example of Sublimation Critical Point: Carbon dioxide sublimates at -78.5°C under standard atmospheric pressure … Read more
It is the pressure exerted by the vapor when a liquid or solid is in equilibrium with its vapour phase. It’s a measure of a substance’s tendency to evaporate. Factors Affecting: Temperature: Higher temperature increases vapour pressure because more particles have enough energy to escape into the vapour phase. Nature of the Liquid: Substances with … Read more
Definition of Latent Heats: Latent Heats is the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance during a phase change without altering its temperature. Phase Changes Involved in Latent Heats: Fusion (Melting): Solid to liquid. Vaporization (Boiling/Evaporation): Liquid to gas. Sublimation: Solid to gas directly. Condensation: Gas to liquid. Solidification (Freezing): Liquid to solid. … Read more
