Material Characteristics: Hardness: Harder materials require more energy for size reduction. Toughness: Tough materials may deform rather than break. Moisture Content: High moisture content can cause materials to adhere and clog equipment. Friability: Easily crumbled materials require less energy. Type of Equipment: The design and operational parameters of size reduction equipment impact efficiency and effectiveness. … Read more
Bernoulli’s Theorem states that for an incompressible, frictionless fluid, the total mechanical energy along a streamline is constant. Mathematically, $P + \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 + \rho g h = \text{constant} $ here: P = static pressure ρ = fluid density v = fluid velocity g = acceleration due to gravity h = height above a … Read more
Principle of Ball Mill: Operates on the principle of impact and attrition. Rotating balls in a cylindrical shell cause size reduction by repeated impacts as they tumble. Construction of Ball Mill: Cylindrical Shell: Rotating drum filled with grinding media (balls). Grinding Media: Balls made of steel, ceramic, or other materials. Feed Mechanism: Hopper for material … Read more
Size Reduction Size reduction is a process used in various industries to decrease the size of solid materials. It plays a crucial role in numerous applications, including mineral processing, pharmaceuticals, food production, and chemical manufacturing. Objectives of Size Reduction Increase Surface Area: Enhancing the rate of chemical reactions. Improving solubility and mixing efficiency. Improve Handling … Read more
Several empirical laws Governing Size Reduction describe the energy required for size reduction. Rittinger’s Law: Suggests that the energy required for size reduction is directly proportional to the new surface area generated. $E = K_R \left( \frac{1}{D_1} – \frac{1}{D_2} \right) $ Where; E = energy required Kr = Rittinger’s constant D1 = initial particle size … Read more
Principle of Fluid Energy Mill: Operates on the principle of particle size reduction by collision. High-velocity air or gas jets are used to create turbulent conditions, leading to size reduction through particle collision. Construction of Fluid Energy Mill: Grinding Chamber: Circular or oval chamber with no moving parts. Nozzles: High-pressure air or gas jets. Feed … Read more
Principle of Rotameter: Based on the variable area principle. A float rises in a tapered tube until the area between the float and the tube balances the gravitational force on the float. The flow rate is directly read from a scale on the tube. Construction of Rotameter: Tapered Tube: Vertically mounted, widens from bottom to … Read more
Size Separation Size separation, also known as sieving, sifting, or screening, is the process of separating particles into different size fractions. This is crucial in many industrial processes to ensure product quality and consistency. Here is a detailed look into the objectives, applications, mechanisms, official standards of powders, sieves, and size separation methods. Objectives of … Read more
Definition of Sieves: Sieves are devices with mesh or perforated surfaces used to separate particles based on size. Construction of Sieves: Made from woven wire mesh, perforated metal plates, or electroformed mesh. Mesh number indicates the number of openings per linear inch. Higher mesh numbers have smaller openings. Use in Size Separation: Particles are separated … Read more
Principle of Edge Runner Mill: Operates on the principle of crushing and grinding. Heavy rollers grind material by rolling over it. Construction of Edge Runner Mill: Grinding Surface: Flat or slightly concave surface. Rollers: Heavy cylindrical rollers that rotate around a central pivot. Feed Mechanism: Hopper for material input. Discharge Mechanism: Outlet for processed material. … Read more
