Chemical incompatibilities

Definition of Chemical Incompatibilities: 

Chemical incompatibilities involve undesirable reactions between substances in a pharmaceutical formulation, leading to degradation, formation of new compounds, or changes in stability, appearance, or efficacy.

Examples of Chemical Incompatibilitie:

  1. Alkaloid Incompatibilities

    • Alkaloids can form insoluble salts when mixed with acids.
    • Example: Morphine forms an insoluble precipitate when mixed with tannic acid.
  2. Soluble Salicylate Incompatibilities

    • Salicylates like aspirin can react with other substances.
    • Example: Aspirin mixed with iron(III) ions forms a purple precipitate of ferric salicylate.
  3. Soluble Iodide Incompatibilities

    • Iodides can react with other compounds, forming insoluble precipitates or causing oxidation.
    • Example: Potassium iodide mixed with lead(II) nitrate forms an insoluble yellow precipitate of lead(II) iodide.
  4. Incompatibilities Causing CO₂ Evolution

    • Some reactions produce carbon dioxide, affecting product stability.
    • Example: Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid in effervescent tablets react in water, releasing CO₂ and dissolving the tablet.
  5. Miscellaneous Incompatibilities

    • Other reactions can lead to drug inactivation or degradation.
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Example: Penicillin mixed with aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin) leads to the inactivation of both drugs

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