Hydrolysis

Definition of Hydrolysis:

• Hydrolysis is the decomposition or breakdown of a compound due to its reaction with water.

• It is the most common form of chemical degradation in pharmaceuticals, especially for drugs containing esters, amides, lactones, and lactams.

Mechanism:

• The drug molecule reacts with water, leading to cleavage of chemical bonds (e.g., ester bonds) and formation of degradation products.

Examples:

Example Reaction (Ester Hydrolysis):

Example Reaction (Amide Hydrolysis):

Prevention Strategies:

• Use of buffers to maintain optimal pH.

• Incorporation of anhydrous solvents.

• Packaging in moisture-proof containers (e.g., blister packs).

• Addition of desiccants to adsorb moisture.