Solid – Amorphous lack a long-range ordered structure.
Characteristics of Solid – Amorphous:
- Short-Range Order: Atoms are ordered only over short distances.
- Isotropy: Properties are generally uniform in all directions.
- Broad Melting Range: Gradually soften over a range of temperatures rather than having a sharp melting point.
Formation of Solid – Amorphous:
- Rapid cooling of liquids prevents the formation of a crystalline structure.
- Example: Glass and certain polymers.
Applications:
- Glass: Used for windows, containers, and in various optical applications.
- Plastics: Amorphous polymers used in packaging, insulation, and manufacturing.
- Thin Films: Used in electronics and coatings.
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