Solvation & association

Solvation & association

• Solvation & association  is the process of surrounding solute particles with solvent molecules, leading to the formation of a solution.
• It involves:

1. Breaking Solute-Solute Interactions:

   • Energy is required to separate solute molecules from each other.

2. Breaking Solvent-Solvent Interactions:

   • Energy is needed to create space within the solvent by disrupting solvent-solvent interactions.

3. Formation of Solute-Solvent Interactions:

   • Solute particles are surrounded by solvent molecules, forming stable solute-solvent interactions, which release energy.

Solvation States

1. Fully Solvated:

   • Solute particles are completely surrounded by solvent molecules.
   • Maximum interaction between solute and solvent.

2. Partially Solvated:

   • Solute particles are partially surrounded by solvent molecules.
   • Some solute-solute interactions may still exist.

3. Contracted:

   • Solute particles are minimally surrounded by solvent molecules.
   • Solute-solute interactions dominate, with limited solute-solvent interactions.
4. These states describe the extent of interaction between solute particles and solvent molecules during the solvation proces

Association 

• Association refers to the interaction between solute molecules within a solution, which can influence solubility and other properties.
• Types of associations include:

1. Hydrogen Bonding:

   • Strong interactions between molecules containing hydrogen bonded to electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen.

2. Ion Pairing:

   • Formation of ion pairs in ionic solutes, which can affect solubility, especially in polar solvents.

3. Van der Waals Forces:

   • Weak interactions, such as London dispersion forces, between non-polar molecules or parts of molecules.

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