Solvation & association
- S-3-PHYSICAL-PHARMACEUTICS
- Feb 28
- 1 min read
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Solvation
Solvation is the process of surrounding solute particles with solvent molecules, leading to the formation of a solution.
It involves:
Breaking Solute-Solute Interactions
Energy is required to separate solute molecules from each other.
Breaking Solvent-Solvent Interactions
Energy is needed to create space within the solvent by disrupting solvent-solvent interactions.
Formation of Solute-Solvent Interactions
Solute particles are surrounded by solvent molecules, forming stable solute-solvent interactions, which release energy.
Solvation States
Fully Solvated
Solute particles are completely surrounded by solvent molecules.
Maximum interaction between solute and solvent.
Partially Solvated
Solute particles are partially surrounded by solvent molecules.
Some solute-solute interactions may still exist.
Contracted:
Solute particles are minimally surrounded by solvent molecules.
Solute-solute interactions dominate, with limited solute-solvent interactions.
These states describe the extent of interaction between solute particles and solvent molecules during the solvation process.
Association
Association refers to the interaction between solute molecules within a solution, which can influence solubility and other properties.
Types of associations include:
Hydrogen Bonding
Strong interactions between molecules containing hydrogen bonded to electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen.
Ion Pairing
Formation of ion pairs in ionic solutes, which can affect solubility, especially in polar solvents.
Van der Waals Forces
Weak interactions, such as London dispersion forces, between non-polar molecules or parts of molecules.
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