Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes Introduction

• Type 2 diabetes, previously known as adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
• The most common form of diabetes.
• Characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

Causes of Type 2 diabetes

1. Genetic Factors

   • Family history increases risk.

2. Lifestyle Factors

   • Obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, and aging.

3. Metabolic Syndrome

   • A cluster of conditions: high blood pressure, high blood sugar, abnormal cholesterol levels, and excess body fat around the waist.

Symptoms

• Increased thirst and urination
• Increased hunger
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
• Acanthosis Nigricans
  • Areas of darkened skin, often in the armpits and neck.

Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes:

1. Insulin Resistance: Cells in the body become less responsive to insulin.
2. Beta Cell Dysfunction: The pancreas produces less insulin over time.
3. Hyperglycemia: Persistently high blood glucose levels due to the combination of insulin resistance and reduced insulin production.

Diagnosis

1. Fasting Blood Glucose Test: Elevated glucose levels after fasting.
2. A1C Test: Measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Elevated blood glucose levels after consuming a glucose drink.

Treatment

1. Lifestyle Changes: Healthy eating, regular physical activity, and weight loss.
2. Medications: Oral medications (e.g., metformin) and sometimes insulin or other injectable medications.
3. Blood Glucose Monitoring: Regular monitoring to manage blood glucose levels.
4. Education and Support: Diabetes education programs for self-management skills.

Thank you for reading from Firsthope's notes, don't forget to check YouTube videos!