The acidity of phenols is due to the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the aromatic ring. The acidity arises from the ability of the hydroxyl hydrogen to dissociate as a proton (H⁺), forming a phenoxide ion (C₆H₅O⁻). This acidity is primarily due to the resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion, where the negative charge on … Read more
Phenols are a class of organic compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, usually a benzene ring. They are derived from and named after phenol, the simplest member of the class. Phenols are known for their antioxidant, antiseptic, and preservative properties and are widely used in various industries, … Read more
Structure of Chloramine T: Chemical Formula: C7H7ClNO2S Description: Chloramine T (N-chloro-4-toluenesulfonamide or N-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide) is an organic compound. Its structure includes a benzene ring substituted with a methyl group, a sulfonyl group, and an N-chloroamine group. Uses: Utilized as a disinfectant and sanitizer due to its ability to release hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent antimicrobial agent. … Read more
Structure of BHC (Benzene Hexachloride): Chemical Formula: C6H6Cl6 Description: BHC (Benzene Hexachloride), also known as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), is an organochlorine compound. Its structure consists of a cyclohexane ring with six chlorine atoms attached. BHC exists in several isomers, with the gamma isomer (γ-HCH) being the most widely used and commercially significant. Uses: Used as an … Read more
Structure of Saccharin: Chemical Formula: C₇H₅NO₃S Description: Saccharin is an artificial sweetener. Its structure consists of a benzene ring substituted with an amine group, a carbonyl group, and a sulfonyl group. Uses: Used as a non-nutritive sweetener in various food and beverage products, such as diet sodas, sugar-free candies, and tabletop sweeteners. Approximately 300 to … Read more
Structure of DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane): Chemical Formula: C14H9Cl5 Description: DDT is an organochlorine compound. Its structure includes two benzene rings connected by a trichloroethane group, with a total of five chlorine atoms—four on the benzene rings and one on the trichloroethane group. Uses: Widely used as an insecticide in agriculture to protect crops against pests. Played … Read more
Reactions of Benzene: Benzene (C₆H₆) is a highly stable aromatic hydrocarbon due to its conjugated π-electron system. This stability makes benzene a prime candidate for electrophilic substitution reactions, where an electrophile replaces one of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring. Here are the key electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene: nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, … Read more
Hückel’s rule is a criterion used to determine if a molecule is aromatic. Aromatic compounds exhibit unusual stability and unique properties due to the delocalization of π electrons in a conjugated ring system. Here are the key points: Cyclic Structure: The molecule must have a ring structure. Planarity: The molecule must be planar, which allows … Read more
Explore the Aromatic Character in Benzene — aromatic compounds are a special class of cyclic compounds with exceptional stability due to the delocalized π electron cloud. Benzene is the prototypical aromatic compound, and its aromatic character can be understood through several criteria: Planarity: Benzene is a planar molecule, allowing optimal overlap of p orbitals. Cyclic … Read more
Benzene exhibits resonance, a phenomenon where the actual electronic structure is a hybrid of two or more contributing structures. There are two main resonance structures: In one structure, double bonds are between C1-C2, C3-C4, and C5-C6. In the other structure, double bonds are between C2-C3, C4-C5, and C6-C1. These resonance structures imply that the π … Read more
