Flow of Fluids, Size Reduction & Size Separation U-1

Unit I introduces fundamental concepts related to fluid dynamics, size reduction, and size separation in pharmaceutical engineering. The flow of fluids section includes the types of manometers, the significance of Reynolds number, Bernoulli’s theorem with its applications, and energy losses in fluid systems. It also covers the working principles of essential flow measurement devices such as orifice meters, Venturimeters, Pitot tubes, and Rotometers.

The size reduction section explains the objectives, mechanisms, and laws governing the reduction of particle size. Factors influencing size reduction are discussed along with detailed principles, construction, working, advantages, and disadvantages of common equipment such as hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills.

In the size separation section, the focus is on the purpose and methods of separating particles by size. It includes the official standards of powders and sieves, along with mechanisms and principles of size separation. The construction, working, uses, and limitations of key equipment such as sieve shakers, cyclone separators, air separators, bag filters, and elutriation tanks are also detailed. This unit builds the foundation for understanding how fluid and solid processing plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

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